Parasitic diseases or damage to the human body by parasites, pathogenic fungi and bacteria are the second most common after respiratory infections. The main danger is that people are not always aware of the existence of such lesions and the signs characteristic of the disease may not appear for months, while the parasites cause irreparable damage to health. For a long time, the symptoms of parasites in the body will be disguised in the form of fatigue and minor pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract.
Helminthiasis is not just a "dirty hands" disease. Eating poorly washed fruits, raw fish (sushi) and undercooked meat can lead to the formation of worms and other protozoa. Helminth eggs can be transmitted from an infected person to a healthy person through tactile contact.
WHO statistics are horrible - almost the entire population of the planet are infected with various parasites. The incidence is 99. 9% in adults and children with pets.
It is possible to get rid of helminths with the help of medicines and folk remedies, but there are difficult cases when only surgical intervention can help you get rid of the pests.
Which human organs can infect parasites
There are 3 ways for worms and helminths to enter the human body - through the mouth, mucous membranes and skin. Against the background of a weakened immune system, parasites multiply unhindered in the body. Immunity is further reduced, secondary immunodeficiency develops, general allergies of the body are manifested and resistance to various infections is reduced. Acute pathologies turn into chronic, acute course going on.
Favorite habitat of parasites is all parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Out of 300 types of parasitic diseases, 70% are intestinal forms. Extraintestinal types of helminthiasis are affected by:
- skin and subcutaneous fat;
- liver;
- muscle tissue;
- light;
- brain;
- heart tissue;
- eye socket;
- blood;
- joint capsules.
The moment of onset of the first symptoms of the lesion depends on the type, number of parasites, their location, as well as the current state of human health.
The main symptoms of parasites in the body are similar for all types of helminth infections:
- Appetite disappears;
- saliva growth increases;
- Diarrhea that changes with constipation;
- attacks of nausea and vomiting;
- Sleep disturbance.
Grinding your teeth during sleep may indicate the presence of worms in your baby's body.
The main symptoms of helminthiasis are general weakness, increased irritability, mild dizziness, weight loss, and the development of iron deficiency anemia. When allergic reactions occur (in 70% of cases) it is a parasitic lesion that is not treated and treated in a timely manner.
Main types of parasites and the distinguishing symptoms of their presence
Currently, 70 types of parasites have been identified that can live inside humans. They are divided into the following subgroups:
- round worms (worms);
- ribbons (ribbons);
- subcutaneous helminths;
- flutes;
- tissue parasites;
- Protozoan protozoa.
Symptoms of different types of parasites may vary. To understand whether the human body works, we will consider some of the most typical cases.
Pinworms
Enterobius vermicularis or pinworms are roundworms. They feed on blood and intestinal contents. These 0. 5-1 cm tall white worms cause a widespread helminthiasis - enterobiosis. According to statistics, the total share of this disease in all injuries is 65%, of which 90% are children.
Enterobiosis is contagious and spreads from person to person. The main way to introduce parasites into the body is to swallow eggs. The life cycle is 4 weeks - at this time the male and female develop from eggs that pass through the anus and lay eggs around it on the skin and perineum. Moving and laying eggs causes a sharp burning of the skin.Pinworms are very difficult to treat because the eggs not only fall on the skin. Eggs of parasites fall on the bedding, crawl on the floor and contaminate household items and toys.
It is difficult to determine the presence of these parasites in the body, but the signs and symptoms of their presence have their own distinctive features:
- Frequent urge to urinate, sleep deprivation;
- swelling and pain in the lower abdomen, often on the right side;
- loss of appetite;
- diarrhea;
- general muscle weakness;
- Female pinworms and clutches eggs are visually found in the folds of the anus.
With a small number of colonies, the diagnosis based on the analysis may be false negative. In order to identify parasites, a three-fold analysis of feces and scratches is performed, which is repeated after a few days. In rare cases, your doctor may order a blood test for an increased number of white blood cells.
Toxocars - Symptoms and Treatment of Toxocariosis Varieties
refers to a subset of nematodes that enter the body after contact with dogs, cats, or the ground. Toxocars are not transmitted from person to person, but it can be passed from mother to fetus in the womb, or you can breastfeed your baby. Infection of these species with parasites often occurs in the fall or spring.
Symptoms of toxocariasis depend on the location of the individuals.
Visceral toxocariasis
This type of damage is manifested when the parasites are placed inside the internal organs: liver, kidneys, pancreas, brain or heart. In the vast majority of cases, toxocarium occurs in the patient's lungs. The following clinical picture is often observed:
- fever, chills, fever;
- The liver becomes dense, the spleen expands;
- The lymph nodes are slightly enlarged, painful on palpation, and removed from the surrounding tissues;
- Dry cough with moist wheezing, mostly at night;
- difficulty breathing and shortness of breath;
- Very common bronchitis and bronchopneumonia.
Neurological toxocariasis
Pathology occurs when parasites enter the central nervous system. Symptoms of parasites in the human body:
- Children become hyperactive, fail neuropsychological tests, and develop;
- Adults complain that it is difficult for them to read and can not explain why;
- Memory is degraded;
- reveals all types of neurological disorders.
If tosocars remain in the brain, seizures and epileptic seizures are possible, paresis and paralysis of the limbs are possible.
Skin toxocariasis
Symptoms appear in the form of localized urticaria, eczema or papular eruptions that appear during the migration of toxocar larvae. Patients complain of unbearable itching, the affected areas except for the rash and blisters are often swollen and red. Skin tumors appear around the areas.
ocular toxocariasis
A lesion in which parasite larvae colonize the eye socket. Their migration is clearly visible to the naked eye as well. Only one eye was affected. In most cases, there is only one parasite. However, there are other signs of parasites:
- inflammation of the choroid; Purulent inflammation of the tissues of the vitreous;
- Children develop strabismus;
- There may be "snowballs" in the bladder exudate.
wide ribbon
This parasite enters the human body by eating raw fish or caviar. The disease is called difilobotriasis and does not spread from person to person.
A broad tapeworm may only exist in the small intestine. There are specific symptoms of its existence that develop in the following order:
- nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting;
- febrile conditions;
- Decreased or increased appetite;
- constipation alternating with diarrhea; a gradual increase in the symptoms of B12 deficiency anemia;
- Intestinal obstruction caused by obstruction of the intestinal lumen with adult helminths, as well as superficial and deep sensory disturbances;
- Unstable gait and crawling under the skin;
- Parasite particles may be present in the feces.
Diagnosis of the presence of parasites is made according to the results of blood tests and coprooscopy.
on bull tape
The length of this tapeworm can increase up to 7-10 meters. The parasite enters the human body in the form of larvae or eggs containing poorly cooked or raw infected beef. The disease is called teniarinchiasis; Adults are more sensitive to it.
Signs of parasites in the human body with teniarnchiasis consistently appear:
- There is a feeling of constant hunger, false bulimia;
- marked decrease in appetite, sometimes to complete absence;
- Abdominal pains, which can be of different localization, increase, Ilia region hurts more;
- Persistent severe flatulence and recurrent diarrhea;
- develops inflammation of the tongue;
- Weak people may have sleep disturbances, loss of consciousness and seizures.
It is quite easy to identify and test for the defeat of the bovine tapeworm, its separate segments - proglottids without defecation from the deus, especially often at night.
The simplest and most effective diagnostic method is fecal excretion and analysis of proglottid egg content. The prognosis for treatment is favorable.
Echinococcus
Echinococcus belongs to the class of tapeworms. The main sources are stray dogs, wolves, chains, foxes, which feed on echinococcus-infected carcasses. It can be infected with parasites from a domestic dog if it has come into contact with stray relatives or the feces of infected animals.
Human infection occurs when swallowing parasite larvae, most often in contaminated water. The option is possible when the eggs are inhaled by the wind and stick to the mucous membranes of the nose or throat, while the expectorants are swallowed and hit the digestive tract.
The parasite larva, which enters the intestine, finds its way into the bloodstream and reaches the liver through venous bloodstream, where it is fixed. If fixation does not occur, echinococcosis can affect the lungs or other organs. Contrary to popular belief, these parasites do not live in human muscles.
catches body tissue, the larva begins to grow and forms a cyst. In case of his death the cyst is suppurated. When a person is infected with a large number of larvae, numerous live and dead echinococcal cysts occur.
Symptoms of this type of parasite do not appear for a long time, but the cyst grows in the liver, the following symptoms appear:
- Fecal disturbances, frequent vomiting, solar plexus pain;
- nodes are felt in the liver;
- In case of compression of the cysts, jaundice develops, accompanied by characteristic symptoms accompanied by very severe itching;
- Purulent cyst opening causes severe pain, allergic reactions, up to anaphylactic shock.
If the parasite is attached to the lungs, shortness of breath develops, shortness of breath, chest pain, and cough with bruising. The rupture of the cyst in the pleural area is fatal. Choking, blue skin, and severe allergic reactions develop during the development of a rupture in the bronchi.
Diagnosis is confirmed by serological blood test and ultrasound confirmation. Echinococcosis can only be treated surgically! Specific antiparasitic medication is administered only in case of massive infection. For these parasites it does not make sense to take alcohol or take other folk remedies.
Giardia
It is quite easy to become a carrier of these parasites - human infection occurs through cysts of cats, dogs and rodents. Once in the body, the parasites are localized not only in the liver but also in the large and small intestines. Giardiasis affects children and adults with weakened immune systems and low stomach acidity.
The disease is characterized by a wavy current with progressive neurological and allergic symptoms:
- Convulsive pain on the right side, especially after eating fatty foods;
- Diarrhea that changes with constipation;
- dry and bitter mouth;
- Normal levels of hemoglobin in the blood indicate pale skin, especially "whitening" of the nose;
- hair falling out;
- cracks and bumps on the lips appear;
- skin on the palms and soles of the feet, rash appears on the skin;
- Suffocating cough attacks are noted;
- enlarged liver, spleen and lymph nodes;
- develops severe apathy and general weakness.
Stools and duodenal contents are examined for diagnosis.
You should not self-medicate if you notice signs of parasites, you need to contact an infectious disease specialist. Only a doctor can accurately determine and prescribe adequate complex treatment.